Penggunaan Semula Air Kumbahan Mutanajjis Untuk Tujuan Taharah: Satu Analisa Fiqah dan Kajian Sains Berdasarkan Amalan Rawatan Kumbahan oleh Indah Water Konsortium (IWK)
[The reuse of treated mutanajjissewage water for the purpose of ṭahārah: a fiqh analysis and scientific study based on sewage water treatment practice by Indah Water Consortium (IWK) Malaysia]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/uij.vol35no01.472Keywords:
air kumbahan, air mutanajjis, taharah, Indah Water KonsortiumAbstract
Mutanajjis water refers to mutlaq water that has been contaminated with faeces, which causes a change in the original properties of the water which are colour, smell and taste. In the current context, sewage wastewater found in the Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) is categorized as mutanajjis due to mixing with faeces including excrement such as human faeces and urine. This raises the question of wastewater that has been treated with modern technology in STP and whether it can be categorized as absolute water or not. This study aims to analyze the mechanism of mutanajjis wastewater purification in STP according to the Islamic law perspective and scientific studies followed by analyzing this wastewater against the law of taharah in Islam. This study uses a qualitative approach using data collection techniques by document analysis, observations at the KL-Titiwangsa 2 Regional STP owned by Indah Water Konsortium (IWK), interviews with Shariah and water experts and laboratory analysis. The results of the study found that the wastewater treatment technology at STP Serantau KL-Titiwangsa 2 IWK can change the status of water from mutanajjis to mutlaq because it meets all the criteria for mutlaq water set by the fuqaha. Through the results of laboratory analysis, the treated wastewater is categorized in the same category as mutlaq water. Therefore, the water can be used for taharah purposes.
Abstrak
Air mutanajjis merujuk kepada air mutlaq yang telah dicemari dengan najis yang menyebabkan perubahan pada sifat-sifat asal air iaitu; warna, bau dan rasa. Dalam konteks semasa, air sisa kumbahan yang terdapat di Loji Rawatan Kumbahan (LRK) dikategorikan sebagai mutanajjis disebabkan bercampur dengan najis termasuklah hasil perkumuhan iaitu tinja dan air kencing manusia. Hal ini menimbulkan persoalan mengenai air kumbahan yang telah dirawat dengan teknologi moden di LRK sama ada boleh dikategorikan sebagai air mutlaq atau tidak. Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisa mekanisma pembersihan air kumbahan mutanajjis di LRK menurut perspektif fiqah dan kajian sains. Seterusnya, menganalisia air sisa kumbahan ini terhadap hukum taharah dalam Islam. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan teknik kutipan data secara analisis dokumen, pemerhatian di LRK Serantau KL-Titiwangsa 2 milik Indah Water Konsortium (IWK), temubual bersama pakar Syariah dan sains kimia air, serta analisis makmal. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa teknologi rawatan air kumbahan yang terdapat LRK Serantau KL-Titiwangsa 2 IWK mampu menukar status air daripada mutanajjis kepada mutlaq setelah didapati memenuhi semua kriteria air mutlaq yang ditetapkan oleh fuqaha. Melalui hasil dapatan analisis makmal, air sisa kumbahan yang telah dirawat dikategorikan dalam kategori yang sama dengan air mutlaq. Oleh itu, air tersebut boleh digunakan untuk tujuan taharah.
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