Anxiety Levels of Undergraduate and Clerkship Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/uij.vol33no3.364Keywords:
COVID-19, anxiety, undergraduate, clerkship, medical studentsAbstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought a devastating impact on the world. Medical students who belong to psychologically vulnerable groups also share more burdens due to the medical education academic demands, curriculum transition to virtually-delivered format, and the risk of being infected by the disease during clinical settings. This study aims to identify the anxiety level of undergraduate and clerkship medical students to create proper and effective strategies to build good mental status among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a cross-sectional study. The survey was conducted using an online questionnaire to assess respondents’ identity, demographic data, family history, perceptions about online/offline learning, and the researchers used the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS) test to measure the anxiety level of the subjects. The subjects of this study were 164 medical students, divided into two groups, 94 final year undergraduate students and 70 final year clerkship students who were still doing their clinical rotations at the hospital. The findings of this study informed that the average anxiety level was 18.3 for undergraduate students and 19.6 for clerkship students. The TMAS score was higher among clerkship students than undergraduate students. However, the statistical analysis showed no difference (p=0.306) in TMAS scores between clerkship and undergraduate students. A close approach and continuous observation are needed because the higher the TMAS score indicates the higher the anxiety level.
Downloads
References
Banerjee, D., & Rai, M. (2020, April). Social isolation in Covid-19: The impact of loneliness. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(6), 525-527.
Bao, Y., Sun, Y., Meng, S., & J. Shi, L. L. (2020, February). 2019-nCoV epidemic: address mental health care to empower society. Lancet , 395(10224), e37-e38.
Brier, D., Niels, Stroobants, S., Vandekerckhove, P., & Buck, E. D. (2020, April). Factors Affecting Mental Health of Health Care Workers During Coronavirus Disease Outbreaks: A Rapid Systematic Review. PsyArXiv. doi:10.31234/osf.io/w9uxs
Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zhenga, J. (2020, May). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res., 287, 1-5.
Cattell, R., Boutourline, H., & Hundleby, J. (1964). Blood groups and personality traits. American Journal of Human Genetics, 16, 397-402.
Chandratre, S. (2020, May). Medical Students and COVID-19: Challenges and Supportive Strategies. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development, 7(1-2), 1-2.
Harries, A., Lee, C., Jones, L., Rodriguez, R., Davis, J., Boysen-Osborn, M., . . . Juarez, M. (2020). Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Medical Students: A Multicenter Quantitative Study. Research Square.
Hidayah, N. (2010). Perbedaan Tingkat Kecemasan Antara Siswa Putra dan Putri Kelas X Dalam Menghadapi Ujian Akhir Semester Pada SMA NU Al Ma’ Ruf Kudus. In MBBS thesis. Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta.
Huang, Y., & Zhao, N. (2020, April). Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross sectional survey. Psychiatry Res, 288, 1-6.
Iqbal, S., Akram, R., Akram, S., Saifullah, M., Fatima, Q., & Afzal, H. M. (2019, November). Association between ABO blood group phenotype and reaction to academic stress in young medical students. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research, 6(11), K6-K9.
Jalnapurkar, I., Allen, M., & Pigott, A. (2018, February). Sex Differences in Anxiety Disorders: A Review. J Psychiatry Depress Anxiety, 4(12), 1-9.
Maser, B., Danilewitz, M., Guérin, E., Findlay, L., & E. Frank. (2019, November). Medical Student Psychological Distress and Mental Illness Relative to the General Population: A Canadian Cross-Sectional Survey. Acad Med, 44(11), 1781-1791.
Nugraha, B., Wahyuni, L. K., Laswati, H., Kusumastuti, P., Tulaar, A. B., & Gutenbrunner, C. (2020, July). “COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia: Situation and challenges of rehabilitation.”. Acta Med Indones-Indones J Intern Med, vol. 52, pp. 299-305.
Chen, Q., Liang, M., Li, Y., Guo, J., Fei, D., Wang, L., . . . Zhang, Z. (2020, April). Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), e15-e16.
Saddik, B., Hussein, A., Sharif-Askari, F. S., Kheder, W., Temsah, M., Koutaich, R. A., . . . Halwani, R. (2020, May). Increased Levels of Anxiety Among Medical and Non-Medical University Students During the COVID-19. 13, 2395-2406.
Serudji, J., & Machmud, R. (2018, Jul-Dec). The Taylor Minnesota Anxiety Scale (TMAS) Maternal Anxiety Score Difference Between Preeclampsia And Normal Pregnancy. Andalas Obstetrics And Gynecology Journal, 2(2), 92-100.
Setiati, S., & Azwar, M. K. (2020, January). COVID-19 and Indonesia. Acta Med Indones - Indones J Intern Med, 52(1), 84-89.
Spiker, R. (2014). Mental Health and Marital Status. In R. D. W.C. Cockerham, The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Health, Illness, Behavior, and Society (1st Ed ed.). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Sundarasen, S., Chinna, K., Kamaludin, K., Nurunnabi, M., Baloch, G. M., Khoshaim, H. B., . . . Sukayt, A. (2020, August). Psychological Impact of COVID-19 and Lockdown among University Students in Malaysia: Implications and Policy. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17(17), 1-13.
WHO (2021). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Indonesia homepage on WHO. (WHO) Retrieved from https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/searo/indonesia/covid19/external_ situation_report_67_11_august_2021.pdf?sfvrsn=c25d01c5_5Wiedemann, K. (2015). Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders. In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed., Vol. I). Germany: Elsevier.
Wilkes, C., Lewis, T., Brager, N., Bulloch, A., MacMaster, F., Paget, M., . . . Ventriglio, A. (2019, November). Wellbeing and mental health amongst medical students in Canada. Int Rev Psychiatry, 31(7), 584–587.
Wilson, J. M., Lee, J., Holly, N. F., Oosterhoff, B., Sevi, B., & Shook, N. J. (2020, September). Job Insecurity and Financial Concern During the COVID-19 Pandemic Are Associated With Worse Mental Health. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 62(9), 686-691.
Ying, Y., Ruan, L., Kong, F., Zhu, B., Ji, Y., & Lou, Z. (2020). Mental health status among family members of health care workers in Ningbo, China, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry, 20(379), 1-10.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Annisa Ayu Nabila, Iin Novita Nurhidayati Mahmuda, Sulistyani, Adriesti Herdaetha
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
If the article is accepted for publication, the copyright of this article will be vested to author(s) and granted the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, unless otherwise stated. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this licence may be seen at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.