الانتهاكات الإسرائيلية بحق الصحفيين في قطاع غزة وموقف القانون الدولي الإنساني من ذلك: [The Israeli violations against Journalists in Gaza Strip and the position of International Humanitarian Law]

Abd Alkarim Zuhair Alsarhi; Arif Fahmi Md Yusof; Muneer Ali Abdul Rab

doi:10.33102/uij.677

Authors

Abd Alkarim Zuhair Alsarhi Faculty of Syariah and Law, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, Negeri Sembilan. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7642-1458
Arif Fahmi Md Yusof Faculty of Syariah and Law, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, MALAYSIA
Muneer Ali Abdul Rab Faculty of Syariah and Law, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, MALAYSIA https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4609-3647

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33102/uij.677

Keywords:

Israeli violations, Gaza Strip, journalists.

Abstract

Journalists in the Gaza Strip have been subjected to numerous attacks and deliberate killings by the Israeli occupation forces during the Israeli military aggression, in clear violation of the rules of international humanitarian law, which affirm the protection of journalists from any form of attack. This study aims to shed light on the violations committed against journalists during the assault on the Gaza Strip and to examine the position of international humanitarian law in this regard. The study employs an inductive approach through an examination of relevant international conventions and their provisions concerning the subject of the study. It also adopts a descriptive and analytical methodology to interpret and analyze legal texts related to armed conflicts, including the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and Additional Protocols I and II of 1977, as well as relevant academic literature and publications. In addition, an applied approach is utilized to assess the situation in the Gaza Strip. The study reaches the following conclusions: international conventions do not provide a precise definition of the term journalist, which has resulted in divergent interpretations. Nevertheless, these conventions clearly affirm the obligation to protect journalists from military attacks and emphasize their entitlement to legal protection as civilians. The study further concludes that journalists lose their civilian protection if they directly participate in military operations. Finally, the violations committed by the Israeli occupation forces against journalists—including deliberate attacks and acts amounting to genocide during the assault on the Gaza Strip—constitute war crimes. Accordingly, those responsible for these violations must be held accountable and prosecuted in accordance with international law.

لقد تعرض الصحفيون في قطاع غزة للعديد من الاعتداءات والقتل المتعمد من قبل قوات الاحتلال الإسرائيلي خلال الحرب الإسرائيلية، في انتهاك واضح لقواعد القانون الدولي الإنساني التي تؤكد على حمايتهم من أي اعتداء. لذلك أراد الباحث خلال هذه الدراسة تسليط الضوء على هذه الانتهاكات التي تعرض لها الصحفيون خلال العدوان على قطاع غزة وموقف القانون الدولي الإنساني من ذلك. وسوف يكون المنهج المتبع في هذا البحث هو المنهج الاستقرائي من خلال تتبع الاتفاقيات الدولية وما أقرته بشأن موضوع الدراسة، والمنهج الوصفي التحليلي في قراءة وتحليل النصوص القانونية المتعلقة بالنزاعات المسلحة والتي وردت في الاتفاقيات الدولية سواء في اتفاقيات جنيف الأربع لعام 1949م، أو في البروتوكولين الإضافيين الأول والثاني لعام 1977م، أو في المؤلفات والكتب والمنشورات المتعلقة بهذا المجال، بالإضافة إلى المنهج التطبيقي حيث سيتم تطبيق الدراسة على قطاع غزة. وقد خلص البحث إلى ما يلي: أن الاتفاقيات الدولية لا تتضمن تعريفاً محدداً للصحفي، مما يؤدي إلى تعدد الآراء في هذا الأمر، ولكن أكدت على حمايته من توجيه هجمات عسكرية ضده، لذلك ينبغي حمايته قانونياً، وأنه يجب إعطاء الصحفيين قدراً كبيراً من الاهتمام والحماية والاحترام، وكذلك يفقد الصحفي حقه بوصفه كأحد الأشخاص المدنيين في الحماية المقررة له، إذا شارك في العمليات العسكرية، وأيضا إن الانتهاكات التي ترتكبها قوات الاحتلال الإسرائيلي بحق الصحفيين من انتهاكات وإبادة جماعية خلال العدوان على قطاع غزة، لا بد من معاقبتها وتقديم المسؤولين عنها للعدالة ومحاسبتهم لأنها تصنف ضمن جرائم الحرب.

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