الإبانة عن أخلاق المنافقين مع فريضة الجهاد: تحليل موضوعي من منظور قرآني
[Clarifying the morals of the hypocrites regarding the obligation of jihād: A thematic analysis from a Qurʾānic perspective]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/uij.650Keywords:
Ethics; Hypocrisy and Hypocrites; Jihad and Mujāhidīn; The Noble Qur'ān.Abstract
يعتبر موضوع النّفاق في القرآن الكريم من الموضوعات التي تطرّقت إليه العديد من الآيات، وخاصّة في سياق الجهاد؛ حيث سُجِّل للمنافقين مواقف كثيرة تعكس ضعف إيمانهم، وقلّة يقينهم بالله تعالى، وزيف ولائهم ومودّتهم للمجاهدين؛ فيتعاملون مع الجهاد كواجب ثقيل ينبغي التخلّص منه تحقيقًا لمصالحهم الشّخصية. وقد لوحظ توافق أخلاق بعض الوجوه المعاصرة مع أخلاق المنافقين الذين كانوا على عهد رسول الله ﷺ بخصوص قضيّة الجهاد. ولهذا دعت الحاجة إلى الكشف والبيان عن أخلاق المنافقين مع الجهاد والمجاهدين من خلال القرآن، امتثالًا لقول ﷻ: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ جَاهِدِ الْكُفَّارَ وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ وَاغْلُظْ عَلَيْهِمْ﴾ [التوبة: 73]. موظّفًا المنهج الاستقرائي التّحليلي، ثم الاستنباطي. وقد أسفرت الدّراسة عن النتائج الرّئيسة الآتية: (1) النّفاق هو إظهار الصّفات الحميدة وإخفاء قبيحها، ويشمل النفاق العقائدي الذي يخرج الإنسان من ملة الإسلام، والنفاق العملي الذي يؤدي إلى ارتكاب الكبائر؛ (2) استكشاف سبعة أخلاق كلّيّة وخمسين خلقًا جزئيًّا، هي: (أ) السّعي بالتّخذيل عن نصرة المجاهدين والشّعور بالخوف الشّديد من الأعداء، وفيه سبعة أخلاق جزئيّة؛ (ب) الظّنون الكاذبة بالله تعالى وغياب التسليم لأمره وتدبيره وقدره، وفيه ثمانية أخلاق جزئيّة؛ (ت) المبادرة بإذاعة أخبار الحرب والسّلم، وفيه ثمانية أخلاق جزئيّة؛ (ث) انتفاء الشّعور بالولاء الحقيقي للمجاهدين وعدم الثّبات على حال، وفيه أحد عشر خلقًا جزئيًّا؛ (ج) إظهار الشّماتة بالمجاهدين والحسد على ظفرهم، وفيه ستّة أخلاق جزئية؛ (ح) كراهة الجهاد في سبيل الله تعالى، وفيه خمسة أخلاق جزئيّة؛ (خ) نعت المجاهدين بالرّعونة والاغترار بالدّين، وفيه خمسة أخلاق جزئية. علاوة على ذلك، فإنّ القرآن قد تناول بشكل مفصّل أخلاق المنافقين مع فريضة الجهاد، موضّحًا مختلف سلوكيّاتهم السّلبيّة تجاه هذا الواجب الشّرعي، وكاشفًا عن طبائعهم المزدوجة بين الإيمان الظّاهر والرّفض الفعليّ.
The topic of hypocrisy in the Noble Qur'ān is addressed in many verses, particularly in the context of Jihād (Islamic War). The Qur'ān highlights numerous instances illustrating the hypocrites' weak faith, lack of certainty in Allāh Almighty, and the falsehood of their loyalty and affection for the Mujāhidīn (Muslim Warriors). These hypocrites view Jihād as a burdensome task to be avoided, pursuing their own interests instead. The researcher observes a similarity between the morals of some contemporary figures and those of the hypocrites during the time of the Messenger of Allāh (peace be upon him) concerning Jihād. This observation highlights the need to expose the morals of the hypocrites in relation to Jihād and the Mujāhidīn, as presented in the Qur'ān. This aligns with the words of Allāh the Almighty: ﴾O Prophet! Struggle against the disbelievers and the hypocrites, and be firm with them﴿ (At-Tawbah: 73). Employing the inductive-analytical method to trace and interpret the relevant verses, and the deductive method to infer moral patterns, the study concludes with the following main findings: (1) hypocrisy is the act of displaying virtuous traits while concealing their opposites, encompassing both doctrinal hypocrisy that excludes one from Islam and practical hypocrisy that leads to major sins; (2) Jihād hypocrisy refers to pretending faith and commitment while inwardly opposing jihād and discouraging participation in it; (3) seven general moral comprising fifty specific morals were identified: (a) discouraging support for the Mujāhidīn and exhibiting excessive fear of the enemy, with seven specific morals; (b) entertaining false assumptions about Allah and lacking submission to His will and decree, with eight specific morals; (c) hastening to spread news and disclose secrets, with eight specific morals; (d) Lacking true loyalty to the Mujāhidīn and failing to remain steadfast, with eleven specific morals; (e) Gloating over the Mujāhidīn and envying their victory, with six specific morals; (f) Disliking Jihād in the way of Allāh, with five specific morals; (g) Accusing the Mujāhidīn of being reckless and deceived by religion, with five specific morals. Furthermore, the Qur'ān thoroughly discusses the morals of the hypocrites regarding the obligation of Jihād, clarifying their various negative behaviors toward this religious duty, revealing their dual nature, and exposing their facade of faith while secretly rejecting it.
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