Analisis Tematik Fatwa Kontemporari Semasa Pandemik Covid-19
[Thematic Analysis of Contemporary Fatwa During The Covid-19 Pandemic]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/uij.vol36no03.609Keywords:
COVID-19, Fiqh Wabak, Fatwa Kontemporari, COVID-19, Fiqh of Infectious Disease and Contemporary FatwaAbstract
Wabak penyakit bukanlah sesuatu yang asing dalam sejarah manusia. Ia dicatatkan sejak sebelum masihi sehingga kini dan akan terus berlaku pada masa akan datang. Penularan COVID-19 dan pengisytiharannya sebagai pandemik pada 11 Mac 2020 telah menyebabkan pelbagai masalah dan menuntut perubahan dalam kehidupan manusia secara umum dan amalan beragama secara khusus. Perubahan pelaksanaan aktiviti keagamaan memerlukan para mufti mengeluarkan pandangan dan fatwa-fatwa baharu untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan yang dihadapi masyarakat terutamanya berkaitan ibadah, seiring dengan prosedur operasi standard (SOP) yang dikeluarkan pihak pemerintah. Fatwa-fatwa yang berbeza daripada amalan kebiasaan ini telah menimbulkan salah faham dalam kalangan asatizah dan masyarakat sehingga wujudnya golongan yang tidak bersetuju dengan fatwa dan SOP yang dikeluarkan, sekali gus memberi kesan buruk kepada penularan wabak COVID-19 dan meningkatkan kes jangkitan. Justeru, kajian ini ingin menganalisis fatwa-fatwa kontemporari semasa COVID-19 sebagai rujukan kepada asatizah dan masyarakat untuk memahami fatwa-fatwa yang telah diputuskan. Kajian ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dengan menjalankan analisis kandungan terhadap fatwa-fatwa berkaitan COVID-19 yang dikumpulkan dari pelbagai negara. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan permasalahan utama masyarakat ketika COVID-19 berlaku adalah melibatkan urusan ibadah, selain daripada isu-isu lain yang melibatkan urusan mu'amalat.
Infectious diseases are not something new in human history. It has been recorded since before Christ until now and will continue to happen in the future. The transmission of COVID-19 and its declaration as a pandemic on March 11, 2020, have caused various problems and demanded changes in human life in general and religious practices in particular. Changes in the implementation of religious activities require the muftis to issue new views and fatwas to solve the problems faced by the community, especially concerning worship, in line with the standard operating procedures (SOP) issued by the government. Fatwas that are different from these customary practices have caused misunderstandings among asatizah and the community to the point that there are groups that do not agree with the fatwas and SOPs issued, thus having a negative impact on the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and increasing cases of infection. Thus, this study wants to analyse the contemporary fatwas during COVID-19 as a reference for asatizah and the community to understand the fatwas that have been decided. This study uses a qualitative methodology by conducting a content analysis of fatwas related to COVID-19 collected from various countries. The results of this study show that the main problem of the community, when COVID-19 occurs, involves matters of worship, apart from other issues involving matters of mu'amalat.
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