Arabic as a Second Language Listening Comprehension: Instruction and Assessment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/uij.vol20no0.32Keywords:
listening comprehension, ASL, assessment, Arabic language, authentic listening inputAbstract
The purpose of this paper is to present some instructional ideas for listening comprehension in Arabic as a second language (ASL) and their alignment with listening assessment. Among the suggestions are using spoken texts as instructional input, introducing the micro- and macro markers and providing students with authentic listening texts. In addition, the paper also highlights the importance of awareness-raising on the differences between spoken and written language among ASL learners. To expand the extant of the scope of possible instructional ideas for ASL listening, the discussion on pre-teaching of listening input and its connection to learners’ schemata is also included. To consolidate the discussion on instructional ideas, communicative reciprocal listening instruction is recommended for ASL listening instruction. Apart from instructional ideas, suggestions on how to develop a ‘considerate’ ASL listening assessment that is in alignment with classroom instruction are also presented in this paper.
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References
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Cervantes, R. & Gainer, G. 1992. The effects of syntactic simplifcation and repetition on listening comprehension. TESOL Quarterly, 24, 767-70.
Chaudron, C. & Richards, J.C. 1986. The effect of discourse markers on the comprehension of lectures. Applied Linguistics, 7, 113-127.
Chiang, Ch. S., & Dunkel, P. 1992. The effect of speech modifcation, prior knowledge, and listening profciency on EFL lecture learning. TESOL Quarterly, 26, 345-374.
Ching-Shyang, A. & Read, J. 2006. Reducing listening test anxiety through various listening support. TESL_EJ, 12(1), 1-25.
Field, J. 2002. The changing face of listening. In Jack C. Richards & W.A. Renandya (eds.). Methodology in Language Teaching. An Anthology of current practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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Jung, E. H. 1999. The Organization of Second Language Classroom Repair. Issues in Applied Linguistics, 10(2), 153-171.
Jung, E. H. 2003. The Role of Discourse Signaling Cues in Second Language Listening Comprehension. The Modern Language Journal, 87(4), 562-77.
Lam, W. Y. K. 2002. Raising students’ awareness of the features of real world listening input. In J. C. Richards & W. A. Renandya (Eds.), Methodology in language teaching: An anthology of current practice (pp. 248-253). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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Markham, P., & Latham, M. 1987. The infuence of religion-specifc background knowledge on the listening comprehension of adult second-language students. Language Learning, 37, pp. 157- 170. doi:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1987.tb00563.x.
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Olsen, L.A. & Huckin, T. N. 1990. Point-driven understanding in engineering lecture comprehension. English for Specifc Purposes, 9, 1, 33-47.
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Teng, Huei-Chun. 1998. A study of the effect of prelistening activities on EFL listening comprehension. Education Research &Information, 6(2), 133-141.
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Underwood, M. 1989. Teaching Listening. London: Longman.
Bartlett, F. C. 1967. Remembering: A study in experimental and social psychology. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Blanco, B. 2002. The role of linguistic input in language acquisition: a listening comprehensionbased study considering the input limitations of the EFL environment. PhD. dissertation, Indiana University.
Boyle, J. 1984. Factors affecting listening comprehension. ELT Journal, 38, 34-38.
Brown, G. 1995. Dimensions of diffculty in listening comprehension. In D. Mendelsohn & J. Rubin (Eds.), A guide for the teaching o f second language listening. San Diego: Dominie Press.
Brown, G., & Yule, G. 1983. Discourse analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Buck, G. 2003. Assessing listening. 3rd ed. Cambridge University press.
Bynes, H. 1984. The role of listening comprehension. A theoretical base. Foreign Language Annals, 17, 317-329
Cohen, R. J. & Swerdlik, M. E. 2005. Psychological testing and assessment. New Yor, McGraw –Hill International edition.
Elkhafaif, H. 2005. The effect of pre-listening activities on listening comprehension in Arabic learners. Foreign Language, (38 4), 505-513.
Faerch, C., & Kasper, G. 1986. The role of comprehension in second language learning. Applied Linguistics, 7, 257-274.
Flowerdraw, J. & Miller, L. 2005. Second language listening: theory and practice. Cambridge: Cambridge Press.
Hall, J. K. 2001. Methods of teaching foreign languages. Columbus, Ohio: Merill Prentice Hall.
Katbi, H. K. 2000. Arabic language profciency and academic achievement of foreign university students at the University of Jordan. Dissertation submitted to the graduate school of Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.
Kubiszyn, T. & Borich, G. 2007. Educational testing and measurement. New York, John Wily & Sons INC.
Leontiev, A. A. 2003. Fundamental of psycholinguistics, Moskva.
Long, D. R. 1990. What you don’t know can’t help you: An exploratory study of background knowledge and second language listening comprehension. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 12, 65- 80.
Markham, P. & Latham, M. 1987. The infuence of religion-specifcbackground knowledge on the listening comprehension of adultsecond-language students. Language Learning, 37, 157-170.
Min, L. 2012. Development Status of Communicative Listening Test and Teaching. Studies in Literature and Language, 5(3), 124-127.
Mori, J. 2002. Task design, plan and development of task-in-interaction: an analysis of a small group activities in Japanese language classroom. Applied linguistics, 23(3), 323-347.
Qian, W. 2013. Discuss the theoretical basis of task-based language teaching highlighting its connection with communicative language teaching. Studies in literature and literature, 6(3), 98-103.
Richards, J. 1990. The language teaching matrix. New York: Cambridge University Press. Rost, M. 2005. L2 listening. In E. Hinkel (Ed.), Handbook of research on second language teaching and learning (pp. 503 – 528). Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum.
Rost, M. 2011. Teaching and researching listening. London : Longman.
Rost, M. 1990. Listening in language learning. London: Longman.
Rumelhart, D. 1980. Schemata: The building blocks of cognition. In R. J. Spiro, B. C. Bruce, & W. E Brewer (Eds.), Theoretical issues in reading comprehension (pp. 33-58). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Sara Al Alili 2009. The effect of activating background knowledge on the listening comprehension of arabic-speaking ef learners. A thesis submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfllment of the requirements of the degree of master of arts teaching english to speakers of other languages.
Sueraya, Che Haron 2013. The teaching methodology of Arabic speaking skills: learner’ perspective. International Education Studies, 62(2), 55-62.
Teichert, H. U. 1996. A comparative study using illustrations, brainstorming, and questions as advanced organizers in intermediate college German conversation classes. Modern Language Journal, 80 (3), 509-517.
Vandergrift, L. 2002. It was nice to see that our predictions were right: Developing Metacognition in L2 Listening Comprehension. Canadian Modern Language Review. 58:555-75.
Vardergrift, L. 2007. Recent development in second and foreign language listening comprehension
research. Language teaching, 40, 191-210.
Ali Bari, Intihal Muhammad, 2007. Nazariyah Ibn Khaldoun f iktisab al-lughah, Waraqah Muqadimah Fi Muktamar Al-Lughah Al-Arabiyyah Al-Ma’nun Isham Al-Lughah Wal Adab Fi Binak AlHadari Li Ummah Al-Islamiyyah. Jamiah Al-Islamiyyah Maliziya, pp 333-339.
Asim, Shahadeh Ali. 2013. Al-lisaniyat al-muasirah al-muyassarah, Kuala Lumpur: Al-jamiah AlIslamiyah Al-Alamiyah bi Maliziya lil Nasyar.
Buck, G. 1995. How to become a good listening teacher. In Mendelsohn, D & Bygate, M. (1987). Speaking. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cervantes, R. & Gainer, G. 1992. The effects of syntactic simplifcation and repetition on listening comprehension. TESOL Quarterly, 24, 767-70.
Chaudron, C. & Richards, J.C. 1986. The effect of discourse markers on the comprehension of lectures. Applied Linguistics, 7, 113-127.
Chiang, Ch. S., & Dunkel, P. 1992. The effect of speech modifcation, prior knowledge, and listening profciency on EFL lecture learning. TESOL Quarterly, 26, 345-374.
Ching-Shyang, A. & Read, J. 2006. Reducing listening test anxiety through various listening support. TESL_EJ, 12(1), 1-25.
Field, J. 2002. The changing face of listening. In Jack C. Richards & W.A. Renandya (eds.). Methodology in Language Teaching. An Anthology of current practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Flowerdew, J., & Tauroza, S. 1995. The effect of discourse markers on second language lecture comprehension. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 17, 435-458.
Geddes, M. & White, R. 1978. The use of semi-scripted simulated authentic speech and listening comprehension. Audio Visual Language Journal, 16 (3), 137-145.
Jung, E. H. 1999. The Organization of Second Language Classroom Repair. Issues in Applied Linguistics, 10(2), 153-171.
Jung, E. H. 2003. The Role of Discourse Signaling Cues in Second Language Listening Comprehension. The Modern Language Journal, 87(4), 562-77.
Lam, W. Y. K. 2002. Raising students’ awareness of the features of real world listening input. In J. C. Richards & W. A. Renandya (Eds.), Methodology in language teaching: An anthology of current practice (pp. 248-253). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Long, D. R. 1990. What you don’t know can’t help you: An exploratory study of background knowledge and second Language listening comprehension. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 12, 65- 80.
Markham, P., & Latham, M. 1987. The infuence of religion-specifc background knowledge on the listening comprehension of adult second-language students. Language Learning, 37, pp. 157- 170. doi:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1987.tb00563.x.
Mendelsohn, D. 1995. Applying learning strategies in the second/foreign language listening comprehension lesson. In D. J. Mendelsohn & J. Rubin (Eds.) A guide for the teaching of second language listening (pp. 59-73).
Nunan, D. 2002. Listening in language learning. In J. C. Richards & W. A. Renandya (Eds.), Methodology in language teaching: An anthologyof current practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Olsen, L.A. & Huckin, T. N. 1990. Point-driven understanding in engineering lecture comprehension. English for Specifc Purposes, 9, 1, 33-47.
Olynak, M., Anglejan, A., & Sankoff, D. 1990. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of speech markers in the native and second language speech of bilinguals. In R. Scarcella, E. Andersen, & S. Krashen (Eds.). Developing communicative competence in a second language (pp. 139-155).
Boston, MA: Heinle & Heinle Publishers. Rounds, P. 1987. Multifunctional Personal Pronoun Use in an educational setting English for. Specific Purposes, 6(1), 13-29.
Rubin, J. (eds), A Guide for the Teaching of Second Language Listening, Dominie Schmidt-Rinehart, B.C. 1994. The Effects of Topic Familiarity on Second Language Listening Comprehension. The Modern Language Journal, 78,179–189.
Rushdi Ahmad Tuaimah. 1993. Al-Marji’ f ta’lim al-lughah al-arabiyah lil natiqin bilughat ukhra, Mekkah Al-Mukarramah, Jamiah Ummul Qura.
Sherman, J. 1997. The effect of question preview in listening comprehension tests. Language Testing, 14, 185-213.
Stahl.S.A., Jacobson, M.G., Davis, C. E., & Davis, R. L. 1989. Prior knowledge and difficult vocabulary in the comprehension of unfamiliar text. Reading Research Quarterly, 24, 27-43.
Teng, Huei-Chun. 1998. A study of the effect of prelistening activities on EFL listening comprehension. Education Research &Information, 6(2), 133-141.
Tyler, R. S. 1994. The use of speech-perception tests in audiological rehabilitation: current and future research needs. J Acad Rehabil Audiol, 27, 47–66.
Underwood, M. 1989. Teaching Listening. London: Longman.
Bartlett, F. C. 1967. Remembering: A study in experimental and social psychology. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Blanco, B. 2002. The role of linguistic input in language acquisition: a listening comprehensionbased study considering the input limitations of the EFL environment. PhD. dissertation, Indiana University.
Boyle, J. 1984. Factors affecting listening comprehension. ELT Journal, 38, 34-38.
Brown, G. 1995. Dimensions of diffculty in listening comprehension. In D. Mendelsohn & J. Rubin (Eds.), A guide for the teaching o f second language listening. San Diego: Dominie Press.
Brown, G., & Yule, G. 1983. Discourse analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Buck, G. 2003. Assessing listening. 3rd ed. Cambridge University press.
Bynes, H. 1984. The role of listening comprehension. A theoretical base. Foreign Language Annals, 17, 317-329
Cohen, R. J. & Swerdlik, M. E. 2005. Psychological testing and assessment. New Yor, McGraw –Hill International edition.
Elkhafaif, H. 2005. The effect of pre-listening activities on listening comprehension in Arabic learners. Foreign Language, (38 4), 505-513.
Faerch, C., & Kasper, G. 1986. The role of comprehension in second language learning. Applied Linguistics, 7, 257-274.
Flowerdraw, J. & Miller, L. 2005. Second language listening: theory and practice. Cambridge: Cambridge Press.
Hall, J. K. 2001. Methods of teaching foreign languages. Columbus, Ohio: Merill Prentice Hall.
Katbi, H. K. 2000. Arabic language profciency and academic achievement of foreign university students at the University of Jordan. Dissertation submitted to the graduate school of Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.
Kubiszyn, T. & Borich, G. 2007. Educational testing and measurement. New York, John Wily & Sons INC.
Leontiev, A. A. 2003. Fundamental of psycholinguistics, Moskva.
Long, D. R. 1990. What you don’t know can’t help you: An exploratory study of background knowledge and second language listening comprehension. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 12, 65- 80.
Markham, P. & Latham, M. 1987. The infuence of religion-specifcbackground knowledge on the listening comprehension of adultsecond-language students. Language Learning, 37, 157-170.
Min, L. 2012. Development Status of Communicative Listening Test and Teaching. Studies in Literature and Language, 5(3), 124-127.
Mori, J. 2002. Task design, plan and development of task-in-interaction: an analysis of a small group activities in Japanese language classroom. Applied linguistics, 23(3), 323-347.
Qian, W. 2013. Discuss the theoretical basis of task-based language teaching highlighting its connection with communicative language teaching. Studies in literature and literature, 6(3), 98-103.
Richards, J. 1990. The language teaching matrix. New York: Cambridge University Press. Rost, M. 2005. L2 listening. In E. Hinkel (Ed.), Handbook of research on second language teaching and learning (pp. 503 – 528). Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum.
Rost, M. 2011. Teaching and researching listening. London : Longman.
Rost, M. 1990. Listening in language learning. London: Longman.
Rumelhart, D. 1980. Schemata: The building blocks of cognition. In R. J. Spiro, B. C. Bruce, & W. E Brewer (Eds.), Theoretical issues in reading comprehension (pp. 33-58). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Sara Al Alili 2009. The effect of activating background knowledge on the listening comprehension of arabic-speaking ef learners. A thesis submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfllment of the requirements of the degree of master of arts teaching english to speakers of other languages.
Sueraya, Che Haron 2013. The teaching methodology of Arabic speaking skills: learner’ perspective. International Education Studies, 62(2), 55-62.
Teichert, H. U. 1996. A comparative study using illustrations, brainstorming, and questions as advanced organizers in intermediate college German conversation classes. Modern Language Journal, 80 (3), 509-517.
Vandergrift, L. 2002. It was nice to see that our predictions were right: Developing Metacognition in L2 Listening Comprehension. Canadian Modern Language Review. 58:555-75.
Vardergrift, L. 2007. Recent development in second and foreign language listening comprehension
research. Language teaching, 40, 191-210.
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Published
2017-03-31
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Mohd Sidek, H., & Mikail, I. (2017). Arabic as a Second Language Listening Comprehension: Instruction and Assessment. Ulum Islamiyyah, 20, 21–34. https://doi.org/10.33102/uij.vol20no0.32
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