Al-Baqillani’s Critique to Anthropomorphist’s Concept of The Attributes of God
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/uij.vol18no.246Keywords:
Islamic Theology, Anthropomorphism, The Attributes of God, The QuranAbstract
This article aims to delineate al-Baqillani’s responses to the Anthropomorphists regarding their views on the attributes of God. As an Ash‘arite, al-Baqillani disproved some theological doctrines formulated by this group in dealing with a number of theological topics; the speech of God, the Quran and its characteristics, and other attributes of God. He obviously shows his capacity and attempts to maintain the mainstream of Ash‘arites’ theological framework. Through this study, the author concludes that his theological position takes the combination between rationalistic method and application of the revelation. This research applied a textual analysis approach, using descriptive and analytical methods to investigate and analyze primary sources related to the issues. It also adopts the historical method to scrutinize several events on the subject.
Downloads
References
Abd Allah, Muhammad Ramadan. (1986). Al-Baqillani wa Arauhu al-Kalamiyyah. Baghdad: Matbaah al-Ummah.
Al-Alusi, Abu al-Fadl Shihab al-Din al-Sayyid MaÍmud. (n. y.). Ruh al-Ma’ani Fi Tafsir al-Quran al-Azim wa al-Sab al-Mathani. Vol. 1. Beirut: Dar Ihya Turath al-Arabi.
Al-Ash’ari, Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Isma’il. (1981). al-Ibanah an Usul al-Diyanah, ed. Abd al-Qadir al-Arna’ut. Damascus: Maktabah Dar a-lBayan.
Al-Ash’ari, Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Isma’il. (1969). Maqalat Islamiyyin wa Ikhtilaf al-Musallin. Ed. Muhy al-Din Abd. Al-Hamid. Vol. 2. Egypt: Maktabah al-NahÌa al-Misriyyah.
Al-Baghdadi, Abd al-Qahir ibn Tahir. (1995). al-Farq baina al-Firaq, ed. Muhammad Muhy al-Din Abd al-Hamid. Beirut: al-Maktabah al-Asriyyah.
Al-Baghdadi, AÍmad ibn ‘Ali ibn Thabit ibn al-Khatib. (2001). Tarikh Madina al-Salam, ed. Basshar Awwad Ma‘rūf. Vol. 15. Beirut: Dar al-Garb al-Islami.
Al-Baqillani, Abu Bakr Muhmmad ibn al-Tayyib. (1998). al-Taqrib wa al-Irshad, ed. Abd al-Hamid ibn Ali Abu Zunaid. Vol. 1. Beirut: Muassasah al-Risalah.
Al-Baqillani, Abu Bakr Muhmmad ibn al-Tayyib. (1986). Al-Insaf Fima Yajib I’tiqaduh wala Yajuzu al-Jahl bih, ed. Imad al-Din AÍmad Haedar. Beirut: Alam al-Kutub.
Al-Baqillani, Abu Bakr Muhmmad ibn al-Tayyib. (1987). Tamhid al-Awail wa Talkhis al-Dalail, ed. Imad al-Din Ahmad Haedar. Beirut: Musassasa al-Kutub al-Thaqafa.
Bosworth, C. E. (1978). “Karramiyya,” Encyclopedia of Islam: Second Edition, ed. Bernard Lewis et. All. Vol. 4: 667-9. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
al-Bukhari, MuÍammad ibn Ismail. (2010). Sahih al-Bukhari. ed. Muhammad Fuad Abd al-Baqi. Egypt: Dar Ibn Hazm.
Al-Dzahabi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad. (1995). Mizan al-I’tidal fi Naqd alRijal, ed.Ali Muhammad Muawwad. Vol. 6. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.
Denffer, Ahmad von. (2002). Ulum al-Quran. Leicestershire: The Islamic Foundation.
Ed. (1978). “Hashwiyya,” Encyclopedia of Islam: New Edition. Vol. 4. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Fuller, Reginal H. (2005). “God: God in New Testament,” Encyclopedia of Religion: Second Edition, ed. Lindsay Jones. Vol. 5. Farmington Hills: Thomson Gale.
Al-Ghazali, Muhammad Abu Hamid. (2003). al-Iqtisad fi al-I’tiqad, ed. Insaf Ramadan. Damascus: Dar Qutaiba.
Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad ibn Muhammad. (2006). “Iljam al-Awwam an Ilm al-Kalam,” in Majmū’a al-Rasail al-Imam al-Ghazali. Vol. 4. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.
Halkin, A. S. (1934). “The Hashwiyya,” Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 54: 1, 1-28.
al-Hamadani, Abd al-Jabbar. (1996). Sharh UÎūl al-Khamsah,ed. Abd al-Karim Uthman. Egypt: Maktabah Wahbah.
Ibn Asakir, Muhammad Zahid ibn Hasan al-Kauthari ibn Abu al-Qasim Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn Hibah Allah. (1928). Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari, ed. Al-Kawthari. Damascus: Matba’ah al-Tawfiq.
Ibn Khaldun. (1992). Muqaddimah ibn Khaldūn. Dar al-Qalam, Beirut.
al-Isfiraini, Abu Muzaffar. (1983). al-Tabsir fi al-Din, ed. Kamal Yusuf al-Hut. Beirut: Alam al-Kutub.
al-Jahiz, Abu Uthman Amr ibn al-Bahr. (1964). Rasail al-Jahiz, ed. Abd al-Salam Muhammad Harun. Vol. 2. Egypt: Maktabah al-Khanji.
Al-Jawzi, Abd al-Rahman Abu al-Hasan. (n. y.). Daf’ Shubha al-Tashbih, ed. Muhammad Zahid al-Kawthari. Egypt: al-Maktabah al-Azhar li al-Turath.
Al-Jurjani, Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Ali. (n. y.). Kitab al-Ta‘rifat, ed. Ibrahim al-Abyari. n. c., Dar al-Dayyan li at-turath.
Al-Juwayni, Abu al-Maali Abd al-Malk. (1950). Kitab al-Irshad ila Qawati al-Adilla Fi Usul al-I’tiqad, ed. M. Yusuf Sami. Egypt: Maktaba al-Khanji.
Kazi, A. K. and J. G. Glynn. (1970). “The Jabarite and the Sifatiya,” Abr Nahrain. Vol. 9.
Laoust, H. (1986). “Ahmad b. Hanbal,” in Encyclopedia of Islam: Second Edition, ed. B. Lewis et. al, vol. 1: 273-277. E. J. Brill, Leiden.
MacDonald, Duncan. (1985). Development of Muslim Theology, Jurisprudence and Constitutional Theory. London: Darf Publisher Limited.
Madelung, Wilferd. & Paul E. Walker. (1998). An Ismaili Heresiography: the Bab al-Shaytan from Abu Tammim’s Kitab al-Shajara. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
al-Malati, Abu al-Husain Muhammad ibn Ahmad. (1936). Kitab Al-Tanbih wa al-Radd ala ahl al-Ahwa’ wa al-Bida, ed. Sven Dedering. Istanbul: Matbaah al-Dawlah.
Al-Najdi, Abd Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn Qasim al-AlÍalimi. (n. y.). Majmu Fatawa Shaikh al-Islam Ahmad ibn Taymiyya. Vol. 6 and 12. Saudi Arabia: the Servant of Two Holy Mosque.
Al-Nassar, Muhammad Abd al-Sattar. (2009). “al-Karramiyyah”, in Mausu’ah Firaq al-Islamiyyah, ed. Muhammad Zaqzuq. Egypt: Wizarah al-Awqaf.
Al-Nasshar,Ali Sami. (n. y.). Nasha al-Fikri al-Falsafi fi al-Islam,Egypt: Dar al-Ma’arif.
al-Nawbakhti, Al-Hasan ibn Musa. (1984). Firaq al-Shi’ah. Beirut: Dar al-Adwa’.
Peters, J. R. T. M. (1976). God’s Created Speech. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Al-Razi, Fakh al-Din. (1993). Asas al-Taqdis, ed. AÍmad Hijazi al-Saqa. Beirut: Dar al-Jil.
Rippin, A. (1978). “Mukatil B. Sulayman.” Encyclopedia of Islam: New Edition. Vol. 4. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Al-Qurtubi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Abu Bakr ibn Farh al-Ansari. (1995). al-Asna fi Sharh Asma Allah al-Husna, ed. Majdi Fathi Sayyid. Vol. 2. Egypt: Dar al-Sahaba li al-Turath.
Qutaiba, Ibn. (n. y) Ta’wil Mukhtalaf al-Hadith, ed. Mahmud Shukri al-Alusi et al. Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi.
Sahata, Abd Allah Mahmud. (1994). “preface” in al-Ashbah wa al-Nadzair. Egypt: al-Ha’ah al-Misriyyah al-Ómmah li a-KitÉb.
Al-Shahrastani. Abu Bakr Ahmad. (n. y.). al-Milal wa al-Nihal. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr.
Al-Shahrastani. Abu Bakr Ahmad. (n. y.). Nihaya al-Iqdam fi ilm al-Kalam, ed. Alfred Guillaume. Maktab al-Saqafah al-Diniyyah.
Shaikh, M. Saeed. (2006). A Dictionary of Muslim Philosophy. New Delhi: Adam Publisher & Distributors.
Sperling, S. David. (2005). “Biblical Imaginary of God”, in Encyclopedia of Religion: Second Edition, ed. Lindsay John. Vol. 5. New York: Thomson Gale.
Sulayman, Muqatil ibn. (1994). al-Ashbah wa al-Nadzair, ed. Abd Allah Mahmud Sahata. , Egypt: al-Ha’ah al-Misriyyah al-Ammah li a-Kitab.
Sulayman, Muqatil ibn. (n. y.) Tafsir Muqatil ibn Sulayman, ed. Abd Allah Mahmud Sahata. Vol. 1. Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turath.
Al-Tabrani, Abu al-Qasim al-Sulayman ibn Ahmad ibn Ayyub. (1983). alMu’jam al-Saghir. Vol. 1. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.
Al-Tahanawi, Muhammad Ali. (1996). Mausu’ah al-Kashf Istilahat alFunun wa al-Ulum, ed. Rafiq al-Ajam et al. Beirut: Maktabah Lubnan Nashirun.
Tritton, A. S. (1972). “The Speech of God.” Studia Islamica. Vol. 36.
Ushama, Thamem. (2002). Issues in the Study of the Qur’an. Kuala Lumpur: Ilmiah Publiser.
Watt, Montgomery. (1985). Islamic Philosophy and Theology. Edinburgh: The Edinburgh University Press.
Watt, Montgomery (1973). The Formative Period of Islamic Thought. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Wolfson, Harry Austin. (1976) The Philosophy of Kalam. Massachusetts: Harvard University.
Zyssow, Aron. (1988). “Two Unrecognized Karrami Texts,” Journal of the American Oriental Society. Vol. 108: 4, 577-587.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 Much Hasan Darojat, Mohd Fauzi Hamat, Wan Adli Wan Ramli
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
