حركة عين مضارع الفعل الثلاثي المجرد الصحيح السالم والمهموز على وزن فعَل: دراسة إحصائية تحليلية في المعجم الوسيط
[The Vowel of Middle Figure of Triliteral Non-Affix Present Tense Verb of The Fa-‘A-La Form : A Statistical Analytical Study on Al-Wasit Dictionary]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/uij.vol15no.241Keywords:
Al-Thulathiy Al-Mujarrad, 'Ain Al-Mudhari'i, Al-Fi'il, Al-Ihsa', Al-MailAbstract
هذا البحث يتناول قضية حركة عين مضارع الفعل الثلاثي المجرد الصحيح السالم والمهموز على وزن "فعَل" مفتوح العين. فهو يتحدث عن بعض النظريات القديمة التي ظهرت في محاولة ضبط عين مضارع ذلك الفعل. والمصدر الذي يعتمد عليه الباحث في جمع مادته هو "المعجم الوسيط" وهو معجم حديث موثوق به رغبةً في دراسة اللغة العربية الحديثة والعصرية. وقام الباحث بإحصاء الأفعال الثلاثية المجردة الصحيحة السالمة والمهموزة على وزن "فعَل" في المعجم المدروس، وصنفها حسب عينها للنظر إلى كل حرف يقع عينا للفعل ولتحديد ميله نحو إحدى الحركات الفتحة أو الكسرة أو الضمة عند وقوعه عينا للفعل مع كل حرف يقع لاما له. وقد أكّد الباحث على صحة بعض النظريات الصرفية القديمة التي لا ينبغي لنا غض البصر عنها في تعليم الصرف خصوصا للناطقين بغيرها، واستطاع أيضا بالإحصاء أن يحدد ميل كل حرف يقع عينا للفعل نحو إحدى الحركتين لغير حلقيّ العين أو اللام. وبناء على هذا، اقترح الباحث بعض القواعد لضبط عين مضارع الفعل الثلاثي المجرد الصحيح السالم والمهموز على وزن "فعَل" تقريبا وتيسيرا للمتعلمين والمتكلمين باللغة العربية.
This article studies the middle figure’s vowel of non-affix trilateral verb in its present tense form from one chapter only which is “fa’ala”. It exposes and discusses the views of ancient grammarians and new and contemporary linguists regarding the issue. It also tests some ancient theories which arose in attempt to determine the vowel of the figure. The source of verbs that the researcher depends on in his study is “Mu’jam al-Wasit”, a trusted modern dictionary, to match his interest in studying the contemporary Arabic Language. The researcher has statistically counted those verbs from the respected dictionary and categorized them according to their middle figure to look at every figure that occupies that middle position, and to determine its tendency toward any of three vowels (fathah or kasrah or dhammah) when located together with other figure after him. The researcher also has proven and recognized some of ancient theories which should not be neglected in teaching morphology particularly to non-native speaker of Arabic, and was able to determine the tendency of every figure that occupies the middle position toward any of the two vowels for those which their middle figure is not throat’s letter. Based on that, he suggested some morphological bases to determine the vowel of that middle figure.
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