A normative conceptual framework of Islamic work ethics and social capital in shaping work outcomes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/uij.773Keywords:
Islamic work ethics, social capital, work outcomes, deviant behaviour, normative frameworkAbstract
Although social capital is generally regarded as a valuable organisational resource that enhances work outcomes, increasing evidence suggests that it may also lead to undesirable workplace behaviours. As a value-based system, Islamic work ethics offer a normative framework for guiding the development and utilisation of social capital in ways that promote positive outcomes while mitigating potential adverse effects. Nevertheless, limited attention has been given to the role of Islamic work ethics in shaping the relationship between social capital and work outcomes. Addressing this gap, this study proposes a normative conceptual framework that integrates Islamic work ethics, social capital, and work outcomes. The framework was developed through a scoping review of the literature, complemented by a textual analysis of selected Qur’anic verses and Hadith. The analysis highlights the dual nature of social capital, demonstrating that while it can generate positive employee and organisational outcomes, it may also induce undesirable workplace behaviours. In this context, Islamic work ethics emerge as a normative mechanism that not only fosters the development of social capital but also guides its application towards desirable outcomes. Accordingly, the proposed framework positions Islamic work ethics as both an antecedent to social capital and mitigating mechanism that helps channel their effects in constructive directions. By integrating normative ethics grounded in divine guidance, the framework provides a robust theoretical basis for understanding the connection between social capital and work outcomes. The study contributes to the growing literature on Islamic work ethics by offering a novel conceptualisation of their role in organisational settings. In practical terms, the framework provides managers with insights into developing organisational strategies that cultivate ethically grounded social relationships, thereby enhancing positive work outcomes while mitigating the potential risks associated with social capital.
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