Keperluan pengklasifikasian hadith berdasarkan fasa Makkī dan Madanī dalam pemahaman teks hadith
[The necessity of classifying hadith according to the Makkī and Madanī phases in understanding hadith texts]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/uij.719Keywords:
Pengklasifikasian hadith Nabi SAW, al-makkī dan al-madanī, fiqh al-ḥadīth, pemahaman kontekstualAbstract
Kajian ini adalah bertujuan untuk menjelaskan keperluan pengklasifikasian hadith berdasarkan fasa Makkah dan Madinah sebagai salah satu proses memahami maksud hadith. Pembahagian kepada fasa tersebut kebiasaannya dikaitkan dengan peristiwa-peristiwa yang dilalui oleh Rasulullah SAW dan para sahabat RA seperti yang terdapat dalam sumber sirah Rasul SAW. Sebagai implikasi, timbul perbahasan mengenai surah makkīyah dan madanīyah dalam kalangan ahli tafsir dan kesannya dapat dilihat melalui pengklasifikasian surah-surah al-Quran kepada makkīyah dan madanīyah. Namun, hal yang sama tidak berlaku pada hadith Nabi SAW walaupun ia tetap sebahagian daripada wahyu yang berfungsi menjelaskan maksud al-Quran. Kajian mengenai hadith makkī dan madanī didapati terlalu sedikit dan penggunaannya sebagai terminologi khusus hampir tidak digunakan oleh sarjana terdahulu. Justeru, kajian ini berusaha menonjolkan sudut kewajaran pengelasan hadith kepada dua fasa tersebut dengan mengaplikasikan kajian kepustakaan dan pendekatan induktif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat beberapa alasan yang mewajarkan pengklasifikasian hadith Nabi SAW kepada fasa Makkah dan Madinah dalam memperkasakan fiqh al-ḥadīth berasaskan konteks.
ABSTRACT
This paper explores the scholarly and practical value of classifying hadiths into the Makkan and Madinan phases. While early hadith scholars did not adopt this categorisation as a formal methodology, such a framework provides valuable tools for contextual interpretation of the Sunnah, especially in addressing contemporary issues. By analysing selected narrations, the study demonstrates how phase-based classification clarifies the relationship between abrogated and abrogating rulings (al-nāsikh wa al-mansūkh), situates narrations within their socio-historical context, and highlights the principle of gradual legislation (tashrī‘ al-tadrījī). Employing a qualitative textual analysis of classical sources, this study argues that phase-based classification enriches modern scholarship by bridging the gap between the timeless guidance of revelation and the evolving circumstances of Muslim societies. The findings affirm that such classification should be seen not as an innovation, but as a complementary hermeneutical tool grounded in the broader discipline of asbāb wurūd al-ḥadīth.
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