Sorotan literatur pelaksanaan wakalah dalam sistem perkhidmatan Islam di Malaysia menurut perspektif hukum Islam: [Literature review on the implementation of wakalah in the Islamic service system in Malaysia from the perspective of Islamic law]

Mohd Nazril Saad; Muhammad Safwan Harun; Muhammad Ikhlas Rosele

doi:10.33102/uij.702

Authors

Mohd Nazril Saad Fiqh and Usul Department, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7430-3177
Muhammad Safwan Harun Fiqh and Usul Department, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3083-5247
Muhammad Ikhlas Rosele Fiqh and Usul Department, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33102/uij.702

Keywords:

wakalah, zakat, sedekah, wakaf, haji, korban

Abstract

Artikel ini menganalisis sorotan kajian lepas berkaitan pelaksanaan wakalah dalam sistem perkhidmatan Islam di Malaysia dari perspektif hukum Islam. Wakalah merupakan suatu akad perwakilan yang dibenarkan oleh syarak dan telah dilaksanakan secara meluas dalam pelbagai perkhidmatan meliputi aspek kewangan, kekeluargaan, perundangan dan juga ibadah. Pelaksanaan wakalah oleh institusi-institusi Islam di Malaysia telah berkembang mengikut keperluan semasa, namun masih berhadapan dengan beberapa isu yang memerlukan perhatian seperti kekangan perundangan, perkhidmatan agama berunsurkan komersial serta penganjuran sehingga ke luar negara. Kajian ini memberi tumpuan kepada konsep wakalah, isu pelaksanaannya dalam konteks sistem perkhidmatan Islam serta mengenal pasti jurang kajian yang memerlukan kajian lanjutan. Pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis dokumen digunakan untuk mengumpul maklumat daripada penulisan ilmiah, laporan, dokumentasi daripada kajian terdahulu. Hasil kajian mendapati wujudnya perbezaan pendekatan pelaporan antara agensi pelaksana, cabaran dari aspek perundangan dan tahap kefahaman masyarakat sama ada mengenai konsep wakalah mahupun perkhidmatan yang dijalankan. Artikel ini mencadangkan agar lebih banyak kajian perbandingan dan analisis hukum dijalankan untuk memperkukuh pelaksanaan wakalah agar seiring dengan prinsip syariah dan keperluan sistem perkhidmatan Islam yang lebih berkesan dan lestari.

ABSTRACT

This article analyzes a literature review on the implementation of wakalah (agency contract) within the Islamic service system in Malaysia from the perspective of Islamic law. Wakalah is a form of contractual delegation permitted in Islamic jurisprudence and has been widely applied in various religious services such as zakat, charity (sadaqah), endowment (waqf), pilgrimage (hajj), and animal sacrifice (qurban). The implementation of wakalah by Islamic institutions in Malaysia has evolved in response to current needs but continues to face several issues requiring attention. This study focuses on the concept of wakalah in Islam, its practical applications in Islamic services, and the contemporary legal and ethical issues arising from its execution. A qualitative methodology is adopted through document analysis, utilizing academic literature, institutional reports, and prior research documentation. The findings indicate variations in implementation approaches among different agencies, along with challenges in legal governance and public understanding. The article recommends further comparative and legal analyses to strengthen the application of wakalah in alignment with Shariah principles and to support a more effective and sustainable Islamic service system.

Abstract: This article analyzes a literature review on the implementation of wakalah (agency contract) within the Islamic service system in Malaysia from the perspective of Islamic law. Wakalah is a form of contractual delegation permitted in Islamic jurisprudence and has been widely applied in various religious services such as zakat, charity (sadaqah), endowment (waqf), pilgrimage (hajj), and animal sacrifice (qurban). The implementation of wakalah by Islamic institutions in Malaysia has evolved in response to current needs but continues to face several issues requiring attention. This study focuses on the concept of wakalah in Islam, its practical applications in Islamic services, and the contemporary legal and ethical issues arising from its execution. A qualitative methodology is adopted through document analysis, utilizing academic literature, institutional reports, and prior research documentation. The findings indicate variations in implementation approaches among different agencies, along with challenges in legal governance and public understanding. The article recommends further comparative and legal analyses to strengthen the application of wakalah in alignment with Shariah principles and to support a more effective and sustainable Islamic service system.

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