Kriteria tayyib dalam pemakanan: Analisis pandangan empat mazhab fiqah
[The Criteria of Ṭayyib in Food Consumption: An Analysis of the Perspectives of the Four Schools of Fiqh]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/uij.686Keywords:
Kriteria Ṭayyib, Pemakanan, Empat Mazhab, Hukum Pemakanan, FiqahAbstract
Islam places significant emphasis on dietary practices due to their profound impact on human health, well-being, and sustainability of life. Consequently, Islam commands its followers not only to ensure that their food complies with the criteria of halal, but also that it fulfills the ṭayyib standards as prescribed by the Shariah. Although extensive research has been conducted on halal matters, discussions concerning the minimum ṭayyib criteria in food remain underexplored. This study was therefore undertaken to analyze the views of jurists from the four recognized schools of Islamic fiqh to identify the ṭayyib criteria that constitute prerequisites for lawful consumption from the Shariah perspective. This research adopts a qualitative descriptive design by conducting thematic analysis of authoritative legal texts from the four recognized schools of thought. The findings reveal that the four schools differ in their views regarding the determination of ṭayyib criteria as prerequisites in dietary law. Generally, the cumulative ṭayyib elements that must be met, as derived from the four schools, are: (i) food that is pure from impurities and not considered repugnant, (ii) food that is not harmful, (iii) food that meets the halal requirements, and (iv) food deemed wholesome by Arab societal standards or by local ‘urf (custom). Accordingly, any halal food that satisfies these criteria can be considered ḥalālan ṭayyiban. Thus, a Muslim should not be content with merely consuming halal food without ensuring that it is genuinely ṭayyib in accordance with Shariah principles.
ABSTRAK
Islam menitikberatkan aspek pemakanan kerana kesannya yang signifikan terhadap kesihatan, kesejahteraan dan kelestarian hidup manusia. Justeru Islam memerintahkan umatnya bukan hanya sekadar memastikan pemakanan mereka menepati kriteria halal, bahkan pemakanan juga mestilah memenuhi kriteria ṭayyib seperti yang ditetapkan oleh syarak. Sungguhpun telah banyak kajian berkaitan halal telah dijalankan, namun perbincangan mengenai kriteria minimum ṭayyib dalam pemakanan masih belum dikaji dengan tuntas. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan bagi menganalisis pandangan para fuqaha dalam kalangan empat mazhab fiqah yang muktabar bagi mengenal pasti kriteria ṭayyib yang menjadi prasyarat dalam pemakanan dari perspektif syarak. Kajian ini diajlankan dengan menggunakan reka bentuk kajian kualitatif secara deskriptif dengan menjalankan analisis tematik terhadap kitab-kitab muktamad dalam keempat-empat mazhab fiqah yang muktabar. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa keempat-empat mazhab fiqah yang muktabar berbeza pandangan dalam menentukan kriteria ṭayyib yang menjadi prasyarat dalam pemakanan. Secara umumnya, elemen-elemen ṭayyib yang perlu dipenuhi dalam pemakanan mengikut empat mazhab fiqah secara kumulatif adalah; (i) makanan yang suci daripada najis serta tidak dianggap jijik, (ii) makanan yang tidak memudaratkan, (iii) makanan yang memenuhi kriteria halal, dan (iv) makanan yang dianggap baik oleh masyarakat Arab, atau ‘uruf setempat. Justeru, setiap makanan halal yang memenuhi kriteria-kriteria ini boleh dianggap sebagai makanan ḥalālan ṭayyiban. Sehubungan dengan itu, seorang muslim tidak wajar untuk hanya berpada dengan makanan yang halal sahaja tanpa memastikan makanan tersebut benar-benar ṭayyib mengikut perspektif syarak.
Downloads
References
Abdul Mokti, H., Kamri, N. A., & Mohd Balwi, M. A. W. F. (2024). Tayyiban in halal food production: a systematic literature review. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 15(2), 397–417. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-03-2022-0098
Al- Sarakhsiy, M. bin A. S. al-A. (1993). Al-Mabsūṭ. Dār al-Maʻrifah.
Al-‘Anziy, N. D. Ṣaʻfaq. (2018). Athar Istiṭābah al-‘Arab wa Istikhbāthihim fī Ḥill al-Maṭʻūmāt wa Taḥrīmihā: Dirāsah Uṣūliyyah Fiqhiyyah. Majallah Al-Shamāl Li al-‘Ulūm al-Insāniyyah, 3(2).
Al-‘Ayniy, B. al-D. A. M. M. (1431). ‘Umdah al-Qārī Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhāriy. Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabiy.
Al-Buhūtiy, M. Y. I. (1993). Sharḥ Muntahā al-Irādāt: Daqā’iq Ulī al-Nuhā li Sharḥ al-Muntahā. ‘Ālam al-Kutub.
Al-Ghazāliy, M. bin M. (1413). Al-Mustaṣfā fī ʽIlm al-Uṣūl (Muḥammad ʽAbd al-Salām ʽAbd al-Shāfī, Ed.). Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Ghaznawiy, ‘Umar Isḥāq Aḥmad al-Hindiy. (1986). al-Ghurrah al-Munīfah fī Taḥqīq Baʻḍ Masā’il al-Imām Abī Ḥanīfah. Muassasah al-Kutub al-Thaqāfiyyah.
Al-Kāsāniy, ʽAlā’ al-Dīn Abū Bakr. (1986). Badāiʽ al-Ṣanāiʽ fī Tartīb al-Sharāiʽ. Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Murghīnāniy, ‘Aliy bin Abī Bakr al-Farghāniy. (t.t.). Al-Hidāyah fī Sharḥ Bidāyah al-Mubtadī (Ṭilāl Yūsuf, Ed.). Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabiy.
Al-Nawawiy, A. Z. M. al-D. (t.t.). Al-Majmū’ Sharḥ al-Muhadhdhab. Idārah al-Tibāʻah al-Munīriyyah.
Al-Qāsimiy, M. J. al-D. (1418). Maḥāsin al-Ta’wīl (Muḥammad Bāsil ‘Uyūn al-Sūd, Ed.). Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Shaybāniy, M. bin al-Ḥasan. (2012). Al-Aṣl (Muḥammad Boynukalın, Ed.). Dār Ibn Ḥazm.
al-Shilbiy, S. al-D. A. bin M. (1314). Ḥāshiyah ‘alā Tabyīn al-Ḥaqā’iq Sharḥ Kanz al-Daqā’iq. Maṭba’ah al-Kubrā al-Amīriyyah .
Al-Shīrāziy, A. I. I. ‘Aliy Y. (1431). Al-Muhadhdhab fī Fiqh al-Imām al-Shāfiʻiy. Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Shirbīniy, S. al-D. M. al-K. (1994). Mughnī al-Muḥtāj ilā Maʻrifah Maʻānī Alfāẓ al-Minhāj. Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Ṭabariy, A. J. bin J. (2001). Tafsīr al-Ṭabariy: Jāmiʻ al-Bayān ʻan Ta’wīl āy al-Qur’ān (ʻAbd Allāh bin ʻAbd al-Muḥsin Al-Turkiy, Ed.). Dār Hijr Li al-Ṭibāʻah wa al-Nash wa al-Tawzīʻ wa al-Iʻlān.
Alzeer, J., Rieder, U., & Hadeed, K. A. (2018). Rational and practical aspects of Halal and Tayyib in the context of food safety. In Trends in Food Science and Technology (Vol. 71). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2017.10.020
Elgharbawy, A., & Azmi, N. A. N. (2022). Food as Medicine: How Eating Halal and Tayyib Contributes to a Balanced Lifestyle. Halalsphere, 2(1).
Hashim, K., Mohammad, N., & Kamis, M. S. (2022). Kepentingan Memahami Konsep Halalan Tayyiban dalam Aspek Keselamatan Makanan di Kalangan Mahasiswa Muslim: Pandangan daripada Perspektif Maqasid Syariah Memelihara Nyawa. Journal of Management and Muamalah, 12(2), 1–11. https://jmm.uis.edu.my/index.php/jurnal/article/view/126
Ibn ‘Ābidīn, M. A. ‘Umar. (1992). Radd al-Muḥtār ‘alā al-Durr al-Mukhtār (2nd ed.). Dār al-Fikr.
Ibn Manẓūr, J. al-D. M. M. (1414). Lisān al-‘Arab (3rd ed.). Dār Sādir.
Ibn Qudāmah, ʻAbd Allāh Aḥmad Muḥammad al-Maqdisiy. (1985). Al-Mughnī. Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-ʻArabiy.
Ibn Rushd, M. bin A. (2004). Bidāyah al-Mujtahid wa Nihāyah al-Muqtaṣid. Dār al-Ḥadīth.
Kamali, M. H. (2013). The Parameters of Halal and Haram in Shariah and the Halal Industry (Anas S. Al-Shaikh Ali & Shiraz Khan, Eds.). International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT).
Md Dahlal, N., & Ahmad, F. (2018). Beyond Halal in Food Product: Present and Future of Halalan Tayyiban. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 276.
Mohamed, M. I., & Shafiai, M. H. M. (2021). Sekuriti Makanan Berlandaskan Konsep Halalan Toyyiban: Analisis Dari Perspektif Maqasid Shariah. Jurnal Hadhari, 2(13), 221–243.
Muḥammad bin Muḥammad al-‘Abdariy Ibn al-Ḥājj. (t.t.). al-Madkhal. Dār al-Turāth.
Nasa’iy Aziz, Nurdin Bakry, Muhammad Habibi Mz, & Muhammad Siddiq Armia. (2023). The Paradigm of Modern Food Products and Its Relevance With the Concept of Food in the Quran. Heliyon, 9.
Sandelowski, M. (2000). Whatever happened to qualitative description? Research in Nursing & Health, 23(4), 334–340. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-240X(200008)23:4<334::AID-NUR9>3.0.CO;2-G
Shaary, K. (2023). Pemakanan Halalan Toyyiban dalam Pembangunan Keluarga Mithali. UUM Press.
Sirajuddin, M. D. M., & Mahaiyadin, M. H. (2022). Tayyib from the Perspective of Qur’anic Thematic Analysis: Proposing New Insights for Best Practice in the Global Halal Industry. Global Journal Al-Thaqafah, Special Issue.
Syed Abdul Rahman, S. M. H., Yusof, M., & Hj. Abdullah, L. (2008). Konsep ‘Halalan Tayyiba’ dalam Pemakanan dan Implikasinya Terhadap Kesempurnaan Ibadah. Jurnal Usuluddin, 28(0), 79–92. https://ajba.um.edu.my/index.php/JUD/article/view/7271
Zahrah, M. A. (t.t.). Tārīkh al-Madhāhib al-Islāmiyyah fī al-Siyāsah wa al-‘Aqāid wa Tārīkh al-Madhāhib al-Fiqhiyyah. Dār al-Fikr al-‘Arabiy.
Zainol, Z., Yahaya, R., Osman, J., & Omar, N. A. (2020). Application of the Tayyib concept among Malaysian muslim consumers. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 11(3), 819–840. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-03-2018-0048
Zarrūq, A. bin A. bin M. (2006). Sharḥ Zarrūq ‘alā Matn al-Risālah (Aḥmad Farīd al-Mazīdiy, Ed.). Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdulhakim Fakhruddeen, Mohd Hapiz Mahaiyadin, Mohd Dasuqkhi Mohd Sirajuddin

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
If the article is accepted for publication, the copyright of this article will be vested to author(s) and granted the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, unless otherwise stated. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this licence may be seen at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

