Dimensi Falsafah Sains Islam: Konseptualisasi Berdasarkan Islām, Īmān dan Iḥsān
[The Dimension of Islamic Philosophy of Science: A Conceptualisation Based on Islām, Īmān dan Iḥsān]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/uij.vol36no03.607Keywords:
falsafah sains, sains Islam, pandangan alam, paradigma, dimensi sainsAbstract
The philosophy of science represents a second-order philosophical analysis of the field of science in general. Science is typically regarded as a generic domain for all forms of empirical knowledge, which undoubtedly originates from a particular worldview or paradigm. The Islamic worldview is constructed upon three fundamental principles: islām, īmān, and iḥsān. These three principles serve as the rubric for “Islam” in any field. Therefore, this paper aims to reconceptualize the dimensions of the Islamic philosophy of science based on these three pillars of Islam. Through content analysis of textual data collected from specific documents, this paper finds justification for the discussion of the three aspects—islām, īmān, and iḥsān—within the branches of philosophy: metaphysics, guided by sunnatu’Llāh (the law of God), forming “islāmic” science; epistemology, based on āyātu’Llāh (the sign of God), forming “salīmic” science; and ethics, founded on akhlāqu’Llāh (the attributes of God), forming “salāmic” science. This unique unity of worldview can serve as a foundation for further expanding the horizons of Islamic philosophy of science, which seeks to be developed in a contemporary world that also competes with various scientific paradigms.
ABSTRAK
Falsafah sains merupakan analisis falsafah tertib kedua (second-order philosophical analysis) terhadap bidang sains secara umumnya. Sains lazimnya dianggap sebagai suatu bidang yang generik bagi semua bentuk ilmu pengetahuan empiris yang pastinya berpunca daripada satu-satu pandangan alam atau paradigma tertentu. Oleh sebab pandangan alam Islam terbina daripada tiga asas utama yang menjadi rubrik kepada “Islam” iaitu islām, īmān dan iḥsān, maka makalah ini bertujuan mengkonseptualisasikan semula dimensi falsafah sains Islam dari tiga aspek tunjang dalam agama Islam. Berdasarkan kaedah analisis kandungan terhadap data berbentuk teks yang dikumpulkan daripada dokumen tertentu, makalah ini menemui ketiga-tiga aspek islām, īmān dan iḥsān berharmoni dengan wacana dalam cabang ilmu falsafah: metafizik yang berpandukan sunnatu’Llāh membentuk sains islām, epistemologi yang berasaskan āyātu’Llāh membentuk sains salīm dan etika yang berdasarkan akhlāqu’Llāh membentuk sains salām. Kesatuan pandangan alam yang unik ini dapat menjadi batu asas untuk meluaskan lagi ufuk falsafah sains Islam yang ingin dibina dalam dunia kontemporari yang turut bersaing dengan pelbagai paradigma sains.
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