Alkohol: Definisi, Pengharaman, Metabolisme Dan Kegunaannya
[Alcohol: Definition, Prohibition, Metabolism and Its Usage]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/uij.vol23no0.54Keywords:
alcohol, metabolism, rulings, prohibition, IslamAbstract
Alcohol is an important organic compound which contains the functional group hydroxyl (-OH). It has many uses, but when talking about alcohol, we often classify all types of alcohol as forbidden in Islam. The term liquor or wine and alcohol give a different meaning and they must be understood. The banned alcohol is ethanol, which is one of the ingredients in alcoholic beverages. Therefore, this article is written to discuss which consumption of alcohol is allowed in Islam and which is forbidden. There is a broad discussion among fuqaha of alcohol consumption in the various branches that must be understood by the public so that misconceptions about alcohol can be eliminated. The study of literature through readings of journal, Al-Quran and reason why the verses are revealed, has been carried out to find out about the actual meaning of alcohol and its production, history and wisdom of alcohol (liquor prohibition) in Islamic law, the effects of alcohol on the human body and application as well as issues related to alcohol used in everyday life. Alcohol, ie ethanol, can be produced by two methods which is fermentation and the reaction of ethene with steam. Prohibition of alcohol (liquor) is gradually, has its own reason among them are, to show to people that alcohol can also be benefial. Alcohol consumption can damage the human body, affecting the brain and the ability to think, the risk of liver damage or cirrhosis and increase the risk of cancer. In addition, people need to understand issues related to alcohol usage in the food industry, in the manufacture of perfumes, in medicines and as fuel to become more appreciative since alcohol is one of the valuable organic compounds.
Abstrak
Alkohol merupakan suatu sebatian organik yang mengandungi kumpulan berfungsi hidroksi (-OH). Ia mempunyai pelbagai kegunaan dan manfaat namun apabila bercakap tentang alkohol, kita sering mengklasifikasikan semua jenis alkohol itu sebagai haram. Istilah arak atau khamr dan alkohol sebenarnya memberi pengertian yang berbeza dan maksud keduanya harus difahami. Alkohol yang diharamkan adalah etanol yang menjadi salah satu bahan dalam arak. Justeru, artikel ini ditulis bagi membincangkan perbezaan antara penggunaan alkohol yang dibolehkan dalam Islam dan yang diharamkan dalam Islam. Sebenarnya, terdapat perbincangan yang luas di antara para fuqaha tentang penggunaan alkohol dalam pelbagai cabang sesuai dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan terutamanya bidang sains dan teknologi. Kajian kepustakaan melalui pembacaan jurnal, tafsir Al-Quran dan sebab diturunkan ayat tersebut, telah dijalankan bagi mengetahui tentang maksud sebenar alkohol dan penghasilannya, sejarah dan hikmah pengharaman alkohol (arak) dalam syariat Islam, kesan pengambilan alkohol terhadap tubuh manusia dan kegunaan serta isu-isu berkaitan dengan penggunaan alkohol dalam kehidupan seharian. Alkohol iaitu etanol, boleh dihasilkan melalui dua kaedah iaitu fermentasi dan tindak balas etena dengan stim. Pengharaman alkohol (arak) dalam syariat Islam adalah secara berperingkat dan ia mempunyai hikmahnya yang tersendiri antaranya bagi menunjukkan kepada manusia bahawa alkohol juga boleh dimanfaatkan dalam kehidupan. Pengambilan alkohol sebagai minuman boleh merosakkan sistem tubuh manusia, memberi kesan ke atas otak dan kebolehan berfikir, risiko kerosakan hati atau sirosis dan meningkatkan risiko kanser. Selain itu, masyarakat perlu memahami isu-isu berkaitan penggunaan alkohol dalam industri makanan, pembuatan minyak wangi, perubatan dan sebagai bahan api supaya lebih menghargai alkohol sebagai salah satu sebatian organik yang bernilai.
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