مفهوم الحضانة وأحقيتها بعد الطلاق دراسة مقارنة بين القانون النيجيري والشريعة الاسلامية
[The Concept of Custody and Its Entitlement After Divorce: A Comparative Study Between Nigerian law and Shariah]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/uij.vol34no2.474Keywords:
الحضانة، الشريعة الإسلامية، القانون النيجيري، الطلاق، الطفل, Custodianship, Nigerian Law, Divorce, ChildrenAbstract
Considering the increase in the rate of divorce among Muslims in Nigeria, the daily problems that children suffer from after divorce, and the extreme difficulties that rarely stop as a result of the neglect of many parents and the evasion of their parental responsibilities towards their children after divorce, this research aims to address one of the most important issues related to the aftermath of the occurrence of divorce between spouses, which is the right of custody and nurturing of the children after divorce from the perspective of Nigerian law compared to the view of Islamic law, and the extent of application of this law on the ground among Nigerian Muslims. The research also investigates the validity of this law in meeting the needs of children after divorce. Due to the nature of the research, inductive and analytical methods are used, where information is collected from sources, and then it is studied and analysed according to the academic research method. The interviews are also conducted with people related to the topic of the research. The results showed that there is no tangible difference between the concept of custody and its entitlement before and after divorce in Islamic legislation and Nigerian laws, as the primary consideration in both legislations concerning this issue is the child’s interest, and everything related primarily to the care of the child and his physical and mental preservation and all other needs. However, the father is primarily responsible for the custody and nurturing of the children in Islamic law, while Nigerian law does not differentiate between both parents about who must bear financial responsibility, but the consideration in this regard is the social status of both parents. So, the court may order any one of both parents to bear financial responsibility, even if the child custody is not in the favour of this party.
نظرا لازدياد في معدل الطلاق بين المسلمين في نيجيريا وما يعانيه الأبناء بعد الطلاق من المشاكل اليومية والصعوبات القصوى التي لا تكاد تنقطع أبدا نتيجة إهمال كثير من الأباء وتهرّبهم من مسؤؤلياتهم الأبوية تجاه أبنائهم بعد الطلاق، يهدف هذا البحث إلى تناول قضية من أهم القضايا المتعلقة بما بعد وقوع الطلاق بين الزوجين، وهي حق الحضانة وكفالة الأولاد بعد الطلاق من منظور قانون نيجيريا مقارنة بنظر الشريعة الإسلامية، ومدى التطبيق لهذا القانون على أرض الواقع بين مسلمي نيجيريا، ويحقق البحث أيضا في مدى صلاحية هذا القانون في تلبية ما يحتاجه الأبناء من الرعاية بعد الطلاق. اعتبارا لطبيعة هذا البحث، يتم استخدام المنهج الإستقرائي والتحليلي، حيث يتم جمع المعلومات من المصادر الأصلية، ثم تتم دراستها وتحليلها وفقا لمنهج البحث العلمي. ويستعان أيضا بمقابلات مع الأشخاص ذوي الصلة بموضوع البحث. قد أظهرت نتائج البحث عدم وجود فرق ملموس بين مفهوم الحضانة وأحقيتها قبل الطلاق وبعده في التشريع الإسلامي والقوانين النيجيرية، حيث أن الاعتبار الأول في الشريعة الإسلامية والقانون النيجيري فيما يخص هذه القضية هو مصلحة الطفل وكل ما يتعلق بشكل أساسي برعاية الطفل والحفاظ عليه جسديًا وعقليًا وجميع الاحتياجات الأخرى، إلا أن كفالة الأطفال وحضانتهم أوجب وآكد على الوالد في نظر التشريع الإسلامي، بينما لم يفرق القانون النيجيري بشكل واضح بين الوالدين فيمن وجب عليه تحمل مسؤولية النفقة، وإنما الاعتبار في نظر القانون هي الحالة الاجتماعية لكلي الوالدين. فيجوز للمحكمة أن تأمر أي واحد من طرفين بنفقة حتى ولو كان حكم حضانة الطفل في غير صالح هذا الطرف
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