Syarat Kesihatan Fizikal Bagi Ketua Negara Dalam Islam: Suatu Ijtihad
[ Physical Health Requirement For The Head of State in Islam : An Ijtihad ]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/uij.vol16no0.38Keywords:
physical health, ijtihad, maslahah, siyasah syar'iyyah, Islamic political thoughtAbstract
Previous scholars of Islamic politics discussed the prerequisites that must be fulfilled by someone to be appointed as a head of state and the number of requirements set was different from one scholar to another. It is observed that al-Mawardi put seven requirements, Ibn Khaldun with five requirements, al-Ghazali with ten requirements, al-Baghdadi with four requirements, and Ibn Hazm suggested eight requirements. These differences arose because some scholars set the requirements in more detail whereas some of them lumped up several in one requirement. There are also some requirements that they agreed and some requirements they did not agree. Physical health requirement or no defects senses is one of the disagreements among some scholars. This difference is due to the lack of clear text (nas sarih) either in al-Quran or in al- Hadith, however it shall be based on ijtihad to the interpretation of certain Quranic text. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the differences in views and strength of ijtihad on health requirement during the current different application. This is a qualitative study by using the library research and data was analyzed using descriptive method. The study found out that physical health requirement for the head of state is an ijtihad to benefit the people and the current needs of a particular country.
Abstrak
Para sarjana siasah syar’iyyah terdahulu telah membahaskan syarat-syarat yang wajib dipenuhi oleh seseorang yang akan dilantik menjadi ketua negara dengan jumlah senarai persyaratan yang berbeza antara satu dengan yang lainnya. al-Mawardi meletakkan tujuh syarat, Ibn Khaldun lima syarat, al-Ghazali sepuluh syarat, al-Baghdadi empat syarat, dan Ibn Hazm lapan syarat. Perbezaan ini timbul kerana beberapa ulama lebih mendetailkannya, dan sebahagian mereka meringkaskannya dalam satu syarat. Terdapat juga syarat yang mereka sepakati dan tidak disepakati. Syarat kesihatan fizikal atau tiada kecacatan pancaindera adalah salah satu syarat yang mereka tidak sepakati. Perbezaan ini adalah kerana tidak terdapat nas yang jelas (sarih) daripada al-Quran mahupun hadis, tetapi ia ditetapkan lebih berdasarkan ijtihad kepada tafsiran beberapa nas.Penulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis perbezaan pandangan dan kekuatan ijtihad syarat kesihatan terhadap aplikasi semasa yang berbeza tuntutannya. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode keperpustakaan yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif. Kajian mendapati bahawa meletakkan syarat kesihatan fizikal bagi ketua negara merupakan hasil ijtihad bagi kemaslahatan umat dan keperluan semasa sesebuah negara.
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